Colorectal cancer (CRC)

结直肠癌

英文解释

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy diagnosed globally and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. CRC is a multifactorial disease involving genetic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors. Despite being strongly influenced by hereditary components, most CRC cases are sporadic and slowly develop over several years. Sequential accumulation of mutations in Wnt, EGFR, P53 and TGF-β signaling pathways leads to the initiation and progression of CRCs. Early APC gene mutations occurs in 70% of colorectal adenomas, most of which will progress to carcinoma by acquiring activating mutations in KRAS and subsequent inactivating mutations in TP53 and SMAD4.

中文解释

结直肠癌 (CRC) 是全球第三大最常见的恶性肿瘤，也是全球癌症相关死亡的第四大原因。CRC 是一种涉及遗传、环境和生活方式风险因素的多因素疾病。尽管受遗传因素的影响很大，但大多数 CRC 病例是散发的，并在数年内缓慢发展。Wnt、EGFR、P53 和 TGF-β 信号通路突变的连续积累导致了 CRCs 的发生和发展。70% 的结直肠腺瘤发生早期 APC 基因突变，大多数结直肠腺瘤通过获得 KRAS 的激活突变和随后 TP53 和 SMAD4 的失活突变发展为癌。

参考文献

[1]. La Vecchia S, Sebastián C. Metabolic pathways regulating colorectal cancer initiation and progression. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Feb;98:63-70.