A monoterpene with diverse biological activities
Carvacrol is a monoterpene that has been found in O. vulgare, and has diverse biological activities.1 It induces currents in HEK293 cells expressing mouse transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) or rat TRP ankyrin A1 (TRPA1) when used at concentrations of 500 and 250 ?M, respectively.2 It also inhibits constitutive activation of TRP melastatin 7 (TRPM7) expressed in HEK293 cells (IC50 = 306 ?M).3 Carvacrol is active against various strains of P. aeruginosa (MICs = 0.3-0.13 ?g/ml).4 It decreases rat brain, liver, and kidney levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as increases superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase activities in the same tissues when administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg.5 Carvacrol (15 mg/kg) decreases the number of liver tumor nodules in a rat model of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.6 Formulations containing carvacrol have been used as flavoring agents.
1.Sharifi-Rad, M., Varoni, E.M., Iriti, M., et al.Carvacrol and human health: A comprehensive reviewPhytother. Res.32(9)1675-1687(2018) 2.Xu, H., Delling, M., Jun, J.C., et al.Oregano, thyme and clove-derived flavors and skin sensitizers activate specific TRP channelsNat. Neurosci.9(5)628-635(2006) 3.Parnas, M., Peters, M., Dadon, D., et al.Carvacrol is a novel inhibitor of Drosophila TRPL and mammalian TRPM7 channelsCell Calcium45(3)300-309(2009) 4.Cox, S.D., and Markham, J.L.Susceptibility and intrinsic tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to selected plant volatile compoundsJ. Appl. Microbiol.103(4)930-936(2007) 5.Samarghandian, S., Farkhonden, T., Samini, F., et al.Protective effects of carvacrol against oxidative stress induced by chronic stress in rat's brain, liver, and kidneyBiochem. Res. Int.2645237(2016) 6.Jayakumar, S., Madankumar, A., Asokkumar, S., et al.Potential preventive effect of carvacrol against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in ratsMol. Cell Biochem.360(1-2)51-60(2012)
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