DNA polymerase

DNA 聚合酶

英文解释

DNA polymerases are essential enzymes responsible for replication and repair of DNA in all organisms. Based on sequence homology, DNA polymerases have distinct families, including A, B, X, and Y. To replicate DNA with high fidelity, DNA polymerases must select the correct incoming nucleotide substrate during each cycle of nucleotide incorporation, in accordance with the templating base. When an incorrect nucleotide is sometimes inserted, the polymerase uses a separate 3'→5' exonuclease to remove the misincorporated base (proofreading).

中文解释

DNA 聚合酶是负责所有生物体中 DNA 复制和修复的必需酶。 基于序列同源性，DNA 聚合酶具有不同的家族，包括 A、B、X 和 Y。为了以高保真度复制 DNA，DNA 聚合酶必须根据模板碱基在核苷酸掺入的每个循环中选择正确的传入核苷酸底物 . 当有时插入不正确的核苷酸时，聚合酶使用单独的 3'→5' 核酸外切酶去除错误掺入的碱基（校对）。

参考文献

[1]. Dipayan Ghosh, et al. 20 years of DNA Polymerase μ, the polymerase that still surprises. FEBS J. 2021 Dec;288(24):7230-7242.
[2]. Joshua P Gill, et al. DNA polymerase activity atthe single-molecule level. Biochem Soc Trans. 2011 Apr;39(2):595-9.