HIV-1 TAT 48-60

HIV-1TAT(48-60)是源自人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)-1蛋白残基48-60，可渗透细胞的多肽。它已被用于以不中断的方式将外源性大分子递送到细胞中。

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Background

HIV-1 TAT (48-60) is a cell-penetrating peptide derived from the human immunodeficient virus (HIV)-1 Tat protein residue 48-60. It has been used to deliver exogenous macromolecules into cells in a non-disruptive way.

Studies show that exogenous Tat protein is able to translocate through the plasma membrane and to reach the nucleus to transactivate the viral genome. The HIV-1 TAT (48-60) peptide, which contains the basic domain of the full length peptide only, retains the full translocation activity and even appears more efficient in terms of nuclear localization when compared with the other active peptides at the standard dose of 1 mM[1]. Cell-penetrating peptides are regarded as promising vectors for intracellular delivery of large, hydrophilic molecules. An apparently endocytotic uptake of HIV-1 TAT (48-60) is observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy[2]. HIV-1 TAT (48-60) induces the formation of rodlike, presumably inverted micelles in DMPC, which may represent intermediates during the translocation across eukaryotic membranes[3].

[1]. Vivès E, et al. A truncated HIV-1 Tat protein basic domain rapidly translocates through the plasma membrane and accumulates in the cell nucleus. J Biol Chem. 1997 Jun 20;272(25):16010-7. [2]. Thorén PE, et al. Uptake of analogs of penetratin, Tat(48-60) and oligoarginine in live cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Jul 18;307(1):100-7. [3]. Afonin S, et al. The cell-penetrating peptide TAT(48-60) induces a non-lamellar phase in DMPC membranes. Chemphyschem. 2006 Oct 13;7(10):2134-42.

Protocol

Cell experiment:

HeLa cells are incubated for 24 h with increasing concentrations (0-100 μM) of HIV-1 TAT (48-60). Cell viability is measured following a standard MTT assay procedure and is expressed as the ratio of A570 of cells treated with peptide over control sample[1].

参考文献:

[1]. Vivès E, et al. A truncated HIV-1 Tat protein basic domain rapidly translocates through the plasma membrane and accumulates in the cell nucleus. J Biol Chem. 1997 Jun 20;272(25):16010-7.
[2]. Thorén PE, et al. Uptake of analogs of penetratin, Tat(48-60) and oligoarginine in live cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Jul 18;307(1):100-7.
[3]. Afonin S, et al. The cell-penetrating peptide TAT(48-60) induces a non-lamellar phase in DMPC membranes. Chemphyschem. 2006 Oct 13;7(10):2134-42.