An alkaloid with diverse biological activities
Palmatine is an alkaloid that has been found in C. rhizoma and has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4,5 It inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE; IC50s = 0.51 and 6.84 ?M, respectively).1 Palmatine (20, 40, and 80 ?M) reduces Zika virus infection of Vero cells in a concentration-dependent manner.2 In vivo, palmatine (50 and 100 mg/kg) reduces colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, as well as protects mucosal integrity in a mouse model of colitis induced by dextran sulfate .3 It reduces stomach ulcer area in a rat model of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers.4 Palmatine (10 and 20 mg/kg) reduces the number of small intestine and colon tumors in the ApcMin+/- mouse model of multiple intestinal neoplasia.5
1.Jung, H.A., Min, B.S., Yokozawa, T., et al.Anti-Alzheimer and antioxidant activities of Coptidis Rhizoma alkaloidsBiol. Pharm. Bull.32(8)1433-1438(2009) 2.Ho, Y.-J., Lu, J.-W., Huang, Y.-L., et al.Palmatine inhibits Zika virus infection by disrupting virus binding, entry, and stabilityBiochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.518(4)732-738(2019) 3.Zhang, X.-J., Yuan, Z.-W., Qu, C., et al.Palmatine ameliorated murine colitis by suppressing tryptophan metabolism and regulating gut microbiotaPharmacol. Res.13734-46(2018) 4.Wang, L., Wang, X., Zhang, S.-L., et al.Gastroprotective effect of palmatine against acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in ratsJ. Nat. Med.71(1)257-264(2016) 5.Ma, W.-K., Li, H., Dong, C.-L., et al.Palmatine from Mahonia bealei attenuates gut tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ mice via inhibition of inflammatory cytokinesMol. Med. Rep.14(1)491-498(2016)
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