A peptide with cardiovascular functions
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (1-32) is an endogenous peptide that has cardiovascular functions and belongs to the family of natriuretic peptides, which includes atrial natriuretic peptide and C-type natriuretic peptide . It is an agonist of natriuretic peptide receptors (NPRs) 1 and 3 with Kd values of 7.3 and 13 pM, respectively, for human chimeric extracellular receptors fused to the constant domain of IgG. It also binds to human recombinant NPR1, also known as guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A), and NPR3 with IC50 values of 8 and 2.6 nM, respectively, in radioligand binding assays. It is selective for NPR1/GC-A and NPR3 over NPR2/GC-B (Kd = 30,000 pM). BNP (1-32) activates NPR1/GC-A and increases cGMP levels with an EC50 value of 27 nM in HEK293 cells expressing the human receptor and stimulates cGMP accumulation in cultured bovine aortic endothelial and aortic smooth muscle cells (EC50s = 9 and 17 nM, respectively). It also relaxes contractions induced by prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in isolated porcine coronary artery and rat aortic strips (IC50s = 0.02 and 12.1 nM, respectively). In rats, BNP (1-32) (10 nmol/kg) increases mean urine flow and the sodium excretion rate. Formulations containing BNP (1-32) have been used in the treatment of acutely decompensated congestive heart failure.
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