A peptide hormone that lowers blood calcium levels
Calcitonin is a peptide hormone that lowers blood calcium levels and inhibits bone resorption. It belongs to the calcitonin family of peptides, which also includes amylin , calcitonin gene-related peptide , and adrenomedullin. The binding of human calcitonin to the calcitonin receptor (CTR) is modulated by receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). Calcitonin binds to CTR2 with IC50 values of 8.5, 6.2, 10.7, and 5.8 nM alone and with RAMP1, 2, or 3, respectively. It induces cAMP accumulation in rabbit aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) expressing CTR2 alone, or co-transfected with RAMP1, 2, or 3 (EC50s = 0.07, 0.08, 0.05, and 0.99 nM, respectively). In a bone resorption assay, human calcitonin inhibits pit formation in dentine by human giant cell tumor (GCT) cells, rabbit osteoclasts, and mouse osteoclasts (ID50s = 0.19, 0.032, and 0.21 nM, respectively).
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