An excitatory neurotransmitter
L-Glutamic acid is a non-essential amino acid and the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS.1 It acts on ionotropic and metabotropic receptors to induce excitatory synaptic transmission and has roles in synaptic plasticity. Excessive release of L-glutamic acid induces excitotoxicity that is associated with various human diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease.2 Excessive L-glutamic acid release, in its protonated glutamate form, also occurs during seizure activity and contributes to epileptogenesis and seizure-induced brain damage.3
1.Garattini, S.Glutamic acid, twenty years laterJ. Nutr.130(4S Suppl)901S-909S(2000) 2.Greenamyre, J.T.The role of glutamate in neurotransmission and in neurologic diseaseArch. Neurol.43(10)1058-1063(1986) 3.Barker-Haliski, M., and White, H.S.Glutamatergic mechanisms associated with seizures and epilepsyCold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med.5(8)a022863(2015)
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