A neuroactive metabolite of L-tryptophan
5-Hydroxyindole is a neuroactive metabolite of L-tryptophan .1 It is formed from L-tryptophan by gut microbiota expressing tryptophanase (TnaA) via 5-hydroxy-L-tyrptophan and indole intermediates.1,2 5-Hydroxyindole (0.03-30 mM) potentiates transient inward currents induced by acetylcholine in Xenopus oocytes expressing α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs).3 It also potentiates ion currents induced by serotonin in N1E-115 mouse neuroblastoma cells when used at a concentration of 1 mM.4 5-Hydroxyindole (30 mg/kg) decreases gastrointestinal transit time in rats.2 It induces convulsions in rats when administered at doses ranging from 50 to 100 mg/kg.5 Serum 5-hydroxyindole levels are positively correlated with working memory in patients with schizophrenia.1
1.Huang, J., Tong, J., Zhang, P., et al.Effects of neuroactive metabolites of the tryptophan pathway on working memory and cortical thickness in schizophreniaTransl. Psychiatry11(1)198(2021) 2.Waclawiková, B., Bullock, A., Schwalbe, M., et al.Gut bacteria-derived 5-hydroxyindole is a potent stimulant of intestinal motility via its action on L-type calcium channelsPLoS Biol.19(1)e3001070(2021) 3.Zwart, R., De Filippi, G., Broad, L.M., et al.5-Hydroxyindole potentiates human α7 nicotinic receptor-mediated responses and enhances acetylcholine-induced glutamate release in cerebellar slicesNeuropharmacology43(3)374-384(2002) 4.van Hooft, J.A., van der Haar, E., and Vijverberg, H.P.Allosteric potentiation of the 5-HT3 receptor-mediated ion current in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells by 5-hydroxyindole and analoguesNeuropharmacology36(4-5)649-653(1997) 5.Mannaioni, G., Carpenedo, R., and Moroni, F.5-hydroxyindole causes convulsions and increases transmitter release in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampusBr. J. Pharmacol.138(1)245-253(2003)
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