ENMD-2076 L-(+)-Tartaric acid 是一种多靶点激酶抑制剂，对 Aurora A、Flt3、KDR/VEGFR2、Flt4/VEGFR3、FGFR1 的 IC50 为 1.86、14、58.2、15.9、92.7、70.8、56.4 nM , FGFR2, Src, PDGFRα, 分别。
ENMD-2076 is an orally bioavailable, small molecule inhibitor of Aurora kinases with IC50 values of 14nM and 350nM, respectively against Aurora Kinase A and Aurora Kinase B [1].
Besides Aurora kinases, ENMD-2076 inhibits multiple kinases involved in various cellular?activities. Overexpression of Aurora Kinase A has been found in breast cancers and ENMD-2076 is thereby studied in breast cancers. It is reported that ENMD-2076 differentially inhibits 29 breast cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranged from 0.25 to 16.1μM. In the clonogenic assays, ENMD-2076 totally suppresses the colony formation in the sensitiveMDA-MB-468 cell line and decreases the formation in theHCC1806, SK-BR-3, and BT474 cell lines. ENMD-2076 is also reported to cause a G2 cell-cycle arrest at 1.25μM. Moreover, ENMD-2076 shows antitumor activity in TNBC xenograft models. Apart from the breast cancers, ENMD-2076 is developed in hematological malignancies therapy. The clinical trials have already conducted in Phase II [1, 2].
参考文献:
[1] Diamond JR, Eckhardt SG, Tan AC, Newton TP, Selby HM, Brunkow KL, Kachaeva MI, Varella-Garcia M, Pitts TM, Bray MR, Fletcher GC, Tentler JJ. Predictive biomarkers of sensitivity to the aurora and angiogenic kinase inhibitor ENMD-2076 in preclinical breast cancer models. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Jan 1;19(1):291-303.
[2] How J, Yee K. ENMD-2076 for hematological malignancies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2012 May;21(5):717-32.
Kinase experiment: | Recombinant Aurora A and B kinase enzymes assays are carried out in kinase assay buffer (50 mM of HEPES, pH 7.5, 10 mM of MgCl2, 5 mM of EGTA, 0.05% Brij-35) supplemented with 2 mM of DTT. Activities are determined at an ATP concentration equivalent to the apparent Km for each enzyme, and an enzyme concentration that results in approximately 30% phosphorylation of the peptide substrate after 1 hour. Dose–response curves of relative enzyme activity versus ENMD-2076 concentration are plotted with Grafit and used to calculate IC50 values[1]. |
Cell experiment: | The antiproliferative effect of ENMD-2076 on adherent tumor cell lines is measured by plating 500 cells per well in a 96-well plate and incubating with 9 doses of compound, spanning 0.3 nM to 125 mM, for 96 hours. Cellular proliferation is measured using the sulforhodamine B assay[1]. |
Animal experiment: | Mice: Cell lines are injected subcutaneously or into the mammary fat pad (MDA-MB-231 only) of 5- to 6-week-old CB.17 SCID or NCr nude mice. Tumors are allowed to grow for 10 to 50 days before drug treatment. All treatments are with ENMD-2076 in water or ENMD-2076 free base in CMC-Tween vehicle (0.075% carboxymethylcellulose, 0.085% Tween 80 in water), administered orally. Percent tumor growth inhibition is calculated[1]. |
参考文献: [1]. Fletcher GC, et al. ENMD-2076 is an orally active kinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic and antiproliferative mechanisms of action. Mol Cancer Ther. 2011 Jan;10(1):126-37. | |
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