Background
Description:
IC50 Value: N/A
Docetaxel, an analog of taxol, is an inhibitor of depolymerisation of microtubules through binding to stabilized microtubules. Docetaxel is a clinically well-established anti-mitotic chemotherapy medication. It is used mainly for the treatment of breast, ovarian, prostate, and non-small cell lung cancer.
in vitro: IC50 concentrations (reducing survival by 50%) ranged from 0.13-3.3 ng/ml, with three neuroblastoma lines proving most sensitive and three breast and two colon carcinoma lines showing least sensitivity [1]. Docetaxel was shown to promote the assembly of microtubule protein without GTP in vitro, but no inhibitory effect on DNA, RNA and protein synthesis [2]. Gene expression changes induced by paclitaxel treatment were mainly enriched in actin cytoskeleton (ACTC1, MYL2 and MYH2), tyrosine-protein kinases (ERRB4, KIT and TIE1) and focal adhesion pathway (MYL2, IGF1 and FLT1), while the expression alterations responding to docetaxel were highly co-related to cell surface receptor linked signal transduction (SHH, DRD5 and ADM2), cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (IL1A and IL6) and cell cycleregulation (CCNB1, CCNE2 and PCNA) [4].
in vivo: The patients, between 15 and 80 years old with performance status (PS) of 0-2, received at least two cycles of docetaxel 60 mg m-2 intravenously at 3-4 week intervals [3]. Intestinal damage after repeated dosing of docetaxel (20 mg/kg) for 3 weeks was more severe at 14HALO than at 2HALO (hours after light on). The intestinal protein expressions of Wee1, phosphorylated CDK1, and cleaved Caspase-3 were higher in the 14HALO group than in the 2HALO group, while that of survivin was lower in the 14HALO group [5].
Toxicity: Twenty-five patients were enrolled. Overall, 13/25 (52 %, 95 % CI 34-70) completed 4 cycles, and 19/25 (76 %, 95 % CI 60-87) completed ≥3 cycles. Twenty of 25 patients (80 %) experienced a Grade 3 or 4 adverse event [6].
Clinical trial: N/A
Protocol
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Cell experiment:
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Single-drug concentration-response curves are assessed. Seeding is done at a density of 2,000 cells/well for PC-3 and LNCaP, in 96-well plates. Cells are treated with each single drug and their combination for 72 h at different drug concentrations. Docetaxel is used at concentrations of 0.1-1,000 nM. GLU is used at concentrations of 0.1-300 μm. Cytotoxicity is assessed at the end of drug exposure using SRB assay. Following 72 h exposure the cells are fixed with 10% trichloroacetic acid (150 μL) for 1 h at 4°C. Then, cells are stained for 10 min at room temperature with 0.4% SRB dissolved in 1% acetic acid. The plates are then air dried for 24 h and the dye is made soluble with 150 μL Tris (10 mM, PH 7.4) for 5 min on a shaker at 1,600 rpm. Absorbance is then measured at 545 nM using microplate reader. Results are expressed as the relative percentage of absorbance compared to control[1].
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Animal experiment:
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Mice[3] Five-week-old male Balb/c mice are used. Docetaxel (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 80 mg/kg per week) is given once a week for 3 weeks for mice. Because more than 30 mg/kg per week of Docetaxel causes body weight loss in mice, 20 mg/kg per week of Docetaxel is judged to be the maximum nontoxic dose. Docetaxel (20 mg/kg per week) is given to mice once a week for 3 weeks at one of the following different points (2, 10, 14, or 22 HALO). Seventy-two hours after the final dosing of the agent, the intestinal mucosa of the small intestine (proximal 8 cm) is removed, fixed in 20 N Mildform solution (containing 8% formaldehyde in a buffered solution), and embedded in paraffin blocks, and sections of 5 μm are put on glass slides. Apoptosis is detected using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method, using the Apop Tag Peroxidase In Situ Apoptosis Detection Kit. Rats[4] Male Sprague-Dawley rats with body weight between 230-250 g and age between 6-7 weeks are used. About 25 SD rats are divided into five groups receiving Docetaxel (7 mg/kg, i.v.), PIP (35 mg/kg, p.o.) and their combined administration (DOX+PIP) as well as PIP (3.5 mg/kg, p.o.) and PIP (3.5 mg/kg, i.v.). A day before the drug administrations, the rats are anesthetized with an intramuscular injection of a cocktail containing 60 mg/kg ketamine and 6 mg/kg xylazine (injection volume, 0.2 mL). Right jugular vein is cannulated with a polyethylene tubing (0.5 mm ID, 1 mm) for blood collection.
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参考文献:
[1]. Attia RT, et al. The chemomodulatory effects of glufosfamide on docetaxel cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells. PeerJ. 2016 Jun 29;4:e2168.
[2]. Che CL, et al. DNA microarray reveals different pathways responding to paclitaxel and docetaxel in non-small cell lung cancer cell line. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2013 Jul 15;6(8):1538-48.
[3]. Obi-Ioka Y, et al. Involvement of Wee1 in the circadian rhythm dependent intestinal damage induced by docetaxel. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013 Oct;347(1):242-8.
[4]. Li C, et al. Non-linear pharmacokinetics of piperine and its herb-drug interactions with docetaxel in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2016 Sep 5;128:286-93.
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