A selective CCR1 antagonist
Ki: 1 nM to 5.5 nM
The CC chemokine receptor-1 (CCR1) is a prime therapeutic target for treating autoimmune diseases. BX 471 is a potent, selective, and orally active antagonist of the CC Chemokine Receptor-1.
In vitro: Competition binding studies revealed that BX 471 was able to displace the CCR1 ligands macrophage inflammatory protein-1a, RANTES, and monocyte chemotactic protein-3 with high affinity. BX 471 was a potent functional antagonist based on its ability to inhibit plenty of CCR1-mediated effects. BX 471 also demonstrated a greater than 10,000-fold selectivity for CCR1 compared with 28 G-protein-coupled receptors [1].
In vivo: Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that BX 471 was orally active with a 60% bioavailability in dogs. Furthermore, in a rat experimental allergic encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis, BX 471 effectively reduces disease [1].
Clinical trial: Up to now, BX 471 is still in the preclinical development stage.
Reference:
[1] Liang M, Mallari C, Rosser M, Ng HP, May K, Monahan S, Bauman JG, Islam I, Ghannam A, Buckman B, Shaw K, Wei GP, Xu W, Zhao Z, Ho E, Shen J, Oanh H, Subramanyam B, Vergona R, Taub D, Dunning L, Harvey S, Snider RM, Hesselgesser J, Morrissey MM, Perez HD.? Identification and characterization of a potent, selective, and orally active antagonist of the CC chemokine receptor-1. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jun 23;275(25):19000-8.
Animal experiment: | Fasted male beagle dogs (n=3 per treatment group) are given BX471 either by oral gavage or by intravenous injection via the cephalic vein at a dose of 4 mg/kg. The compound is dissolved in a vehicle of 40% aqueous cyclodextrin. Serial blood samples are collected utilizing an in-dwelling catheter in the jugular vein at the indicated time points up to 6 h post-dosing. EDTA is used as an anticoagulant. The samples are centrifuged (1000× g for 10 min at 4°C), and plasma is stored frozen until analyzed for drug levels by HPLC-MS (electrospray mode operated under a positive ion mode). Plasma samples are thawed and denatured by the addition of four parts of ice-cold methanol containing a fixed amount of an internal standard to one part of plasma. The resulting protein precipitate is removed by centrifugation at 5000× g, and the supernatants are analyzed directly. Concurrently plasma calibration standards of BX471 are prepared over the range of quantification, processed, and analyzed under identical conditions. A FISONS, VG Platform single quadrupole instrument is used in these analyses with an electrospray inlet operated at 3.57 kV. Chromatographic separation is accomplished using a YMC AQ octadecyl silane reversed phase column (4.6×250 mm) following a short isocratic elution method (35% methanol, 65% water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid). The total column flow (1 mL/min) is split post-column to infuse 50 μL/min into the mass spectrometer. The chromatograms are collected over a total run time of 7.5 min/sample following a 50-μL injection on the column. The ions are collected in a single ion positive ionization mode. A calibration curve for quantification is generated by plotting ion current ratios between the internal standard peak and the analyte in the plasma standards over the quantification range. Calculations of percent oral availability is deduced from the area under curve measurements. Pharmacokinetic parameters are calculated using WinNonLin version 3.0. |
参考文献: [1]. Liang M, et al. Identification and characterization of a potent, selective, and orally active antagonist of the CC chemokine receptor-1. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jun 23;275(25):19000-8. | |
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