Background
Diapocynin is the dimeric form of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Diapocynin inhibits NADPH oxidase complex assembly and activation, gp91phox mRNA expression, and production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs). It inhibits production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium-independent isoform of phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) function, and reduces Ca2+ influx through store-operated and stretch-activated channels (SOCs and SACs, respectively) in dystrophic myotubes; all functions in the pathogenic cascade leading to muscular dystrophy. Diapocynin also reverses motor coordination deficits in the LRRK2R1441G mouse model of early Parkinson's disease.
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