A macrolide antibiotic and water-soluble form of erythromycin
Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by targeting the 50S ribosomal subunit, blocking the progression of nascent polypeptide chains.[1] It is effective against a host of bacterial genera, including Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Haemophilus (MIC90s range from 0.015-2.0 mg/l).[2] Erythromycin is known to potently inhibit the cytochrome P450 isoform CYP3A4, which can affect the metabolism of numerous clinically relevant medications.[3],[4] Erythromycin lactobionate is a soluble salt of erythromycin that is typically used for intraperitoneal or intravenous injections.[5],[6]
Reference:
[1]. Wilson, D.N. The A-Z of bacterial translation inhibitors. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 44(6), 393-433 (2009).
[2]. Kanatani, M.S., and Guglielmo, B.J. The new macrolides. Azithromycin and clarithromycin. Western J. Med. 160(1), 31-37 (1994).
[3]. Westphal, J.F. Macrolide - induced clinically relevant drug interactions with cytochrome P-450A (CYP) 3A4: An update focused on clarithromycin, azithromycin and dirithromycin. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 50(4), 285-295 (2000).
[4]. Bibi, Z. Role of cytochrome P450 in drug interactions. Nutr. Metab. (Lond) 5(27), 1-10 (2008).
[5]. Hirakata, Y., Kaku, M., Tomono, K., et al. Efficacy of erythromycin lactobionate for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in mice. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 36(6), 1198-1203 (1992).
[6]. Austin, K.L., Mather, L.E., Philpot, C.R., et al. Intersubject and dose-related variability after intravenous administration of erythromycin. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 10(3), 273-279 (1980).
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