An antioxidant used in animal feed
Ethoxyquin is an antioxidant that is widely used in animal feed to protect against lipid peroxidation and fat rancidity in chicken, salmon, and beef.1 In vitro, ethoxyquin protects human lymphocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage and reduces micronuclei formation.2 In vivo, it reduces the number of chromosome aberrations, micronuclei, and dominant lethal mutations induced by cyclophosphamide in mice, rats, and Chinese hamsters.3,4 Ethoxyquin also induces chromosome aberrations such as atypical translocations, breaks, and dicentrics in human lymphocytes and CHO cells as well as in vivo kidney and bladder damage in rats.1
1.Blaszczyk, A., Augustyniak, A., and Skolimowski, J.Ethoxyquin: An antioxidant used in animal feedInt. J. Food Sci.2013585931(2013) 2.Blaszczyk, A., and Skolimowski, J.Comparative analysis of cytotoxic, genotoxic and antioxidant effects of 2,2,4,7-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline and ethoxyquin on human lymphocytesChem. Biol. Interact.162(1)70-80(2006) 3.Renner, H.W.Antimutagenic effect of an antioxidant in mammalsMutat. Res.135(2)125-129(1984) 4.Renner, H.W., and Knoll, M.Antimutagenic effects on male germ cells of miceMutat. Res.140(2-3)127-129(1984)
Kinase experiment: | To evaluate the impact of Ethoxyquin (EQ) on Paclitaxel’s (PTX’s) ability to kill breast cancer cells, conditions for culturing 4 cancer cell lines and measuring the ATP levels are optimized for the 96-well plate format. Briefly, 1,500 cells/well in media are plated in 96-well plates for 24 hours. Constant concentrations of PTX with or without Ethoxyquin are added to the wells for another 24 hours. Cellular ATP levels are measured using kit according tomanufacturer ’s protocol[2]. |
Cell experiment: | Briefly, DRGs are harvested from embryonic day 14.5 rats according to standard protocols, then cells are plated onto collagen-coated glass coverslips and allowed to extend neurites for 24 hours in media (Neurobasal medium, 50 mM pencillin-streptomycin (PS), 0.2% FBS, 0.5 mM glutamine, 1×B-27 supplement, 0.2% glucose,10 ng/mL glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor). Ethoxyquin (EQ) or vehicle control is added to the wells for another 24-hour incubation. DRG cells are fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and stained with anti-βIII-tubulin antibody to delineate the axons. Axon lengths are measured in multiple fields using a random sampling method[2]. |
Animal experiment: | To examine the effect of Ethoxyquin (EQ) on Paclitaxel’s (PTX’s) ability to reduce tumor burden in vivo, a mouse model in which breast cancer cell line SUM-159 (3×106 tumor cells suspended in phosphate-buffered saline in a final volume of 0.15 mL) is injected subcutaneously into adult male nude mice. When the tumor size reaches 5 mm in diameter, the animals are randomly assigned to PTX or PTX with Ethoxyquin groups. Ethoxyquin is given by intraperitoneal administration on a daily basis for 3 weeks. At the end of 3 weeks, animals are euthanized and tumor size and weight are measured (n=5 per group)[2]. |
参考文献: [1]. Sadikot T, et al. Development of a high-throughput screening cancer cell-based luciferase refolding assay for identifying Hsp90 inhibitors. Assay Drug Dev Technol. 2013 Oct;11(8):478-88. | |
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