Background
SU 1498 is a selective inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2, aka FLK1; IC50 = 700 nM), having negligible activity at several other serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases.1,2 It effectively blocks signaling through VEGFR2 both in vitro and in vivo.1,3 SU 1498 is used to study the role of VEGFR2 signaling in diverse processes, including angiogenesis, tumor growth, neural progenitor cell survival, and neuroregeneration.3,4,5,6
1.Strawn, L.M., McMahon, G., App, H., et al.Flk-1 as a target for tumor growth inhibitionCancer Res.56(15)3540-3545(1996)
2.Fedorov, O., Marsden, B., Pogacic, V., et al.A systematic interaction map of validated kinase inhibitors with Ser/Thr kinasesProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA104(51)20523-20528(2007)
3.Arbiser, J.L., Larsson, H., Claesson-Welsh, L., et al.Overexpression of VEGF 121 in immortalized endothelial cells causes conversion to slowly growing angiosarcoma and high level expression of the VEGF receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in vivoAm. J. Pathol.156(4)1469-1476(2000)
4.Francescone, R., Scully, S., Bentley, B., et al.Glioblastoma-derived tumor cells induce vasculogenic mimicry through Flk-1 protein activationJ. Biol. Chem.287(29)24821-24831(2012)
5.Harms, K.M., Li, L., and Cunningam, L.A.Murine neural stem/progenitor cells protect neurons against ischemia by HIF-1α-regulated VEGF signalingPLoS One5(3)1-12(2010)
6.Pan, Z., Fukuoka, S., Karagianni, N., et al.Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes anatomical and functional recovery of injured peripheral nerves in the avascular corneaFEBS J.27(7)2756-2767(2013)
Protocol
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Kinase experiment:
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The ERK1 or ERK2 solution is pipetted into tubes (1 μL per tube) and mixed with 0-10 μL of 50 μM SU1498 (in kinase buffer without ATP). The blank tube receives buffer only. The volume is adjusted to 11 μL with the same buffer, and the mixtures are incubated for 10 min at 25°C. This is followed by the addition of 40 μL of the Elk1-ATP-buffer solution, and the incubations are continued for 30 min at 30°C. The reactions are stopped with 20 μL of 4× sample buffer mix and heating at 95°C for 10 min. Samples (15 μL) are fractionated by SDS-PAGE, and phosphorylated Elk1 is detected by immunoblotting with anti-phospho-Elk1 antibody[2].
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Cell experiment:
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For cell proliferation assay, U87 cells are seeded in 24-well plates (30,000 cells/well) and allowed to attach overnight. Cells are then treated for 24 or 72 h with different concentrations of Bevacizumab (from 10 ng/mL to 250 μg/mL) or SU1498 (from 1 μM to 30 μM) in triplicate wells. The cell viability is then assessed with the MTT assay[4].
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参考文献:
[1]. Strawn LM, et al. Flk-1 as a target for tumor growth inhibition.Cancer Res. 1996 Aug 1;56(15):3540-5.
[2]. Boguslawski G, et al. SU1498, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, causes accumulation of phosphorylated ERK kinases and inhibits their activity in vivo and in vitro.J Biol Chem. 2004 Feb 13;279(7):5716-24.
[3]. Arbiser JL, et al. Overexpression of VEGF 121 in immortalized endothelial cells causes conversion to slowly growing angiosarcoma and high level expression of the VEGF receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in vivo.Am J Pathol. 2000 Apr;156(4):1469-76.
[4]. Mesti T, et al. Metabolic impact of anti-angiogenic agents on U87 glioma cells.PLoS One. 2014 Jun 12;9(6):e99198.
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