Background
Cenicriviroc is an orally bioavailable antagonist of C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) and CCR2 that inhibits binding of macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α; IC50 = 2.3 nM) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1; IC50 = 5.9 nM), respectively, in CHO cells.1 Cenicriviroc is also an antagonist of CCR3 and CCR4 (IC50s = 2.4 and 1.1 μM, respectively), however, it does not inhibit agonist binding to CCR1 or CCR7 at concentrations up to 10 μM. At a concentration of 100 nM, cenicriviroc completely inhibits replication of R5 HIV-1 in U87.CD4.CCR5 cells. Cenicriviroc inhibits replication of the R5 HIV-1 strains JR-FL and KK in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with EC50 values ranging from 21 to 210 pM and 33 to 91 pM, respectively. In vivo, cenicriviroc (20 mg/kg per day) reduces collagen deposition, levels of collagen type 1 protein and mRNA expression, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).2 It also reduces collagen type 1 protein levels, mRNA expression, and collagen deposition in a mouse model of unilateral ureter obstruction and a rat model of thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis.
1.Baba, M., Takashima, K., Miyake, H., et al.TAK-652 inhibits CCR5-mediated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in vitro and has favorable pharmacokinetics in humansAntimicrob. Agents Chemother.49(11)4584-4591(2005)
2.Lefebvre, E., Moyle, G., Reshef, R., et al.Antifibrotic effects of the dual CCR2/CCR5 antagonist cenicriviroc in animal models of liver and kidney fibrosisPLoS One11(6):e0158156(2016)
Protocol
Cell experiment: | Mouse monocyte migration in response to Cenicriviroc Mesylate (CVC) treatment is assessed ex vivo in triplicate. Thioglycollate (TG) is injected intraperitoneally into male C57BL/6 mice (n=3; 8 to 10 weeks of age) and activated macrophages are collected 48 hours later by peritoneal lavage. Cells are incubated for 2 hours in the presence of 1 μM Cenicriviroc Mesylate. Cells are harvested from the lower compartment and analyzed by flow cytometry to enumerate F4/80+CD11b+ macrophages. Results are analyzed using FlowJo software[1]. |
Animal experiment: | Male C57BL/6 mice (n=44; 8 to 10 weeks of age) are allocated to receive treatments via oral gavage (PO) on Days 1 to 5 in the following groups: non-disease control, vehicle control twice daily (BID), Cenicriviroc Mesylate 5 mg/kg/day (CVC5) BID, Cenicriviroc Mesylate 20 mg/kg/day (CVC20) BID, Cenicriviroc Mesylate 100 mg/kg/day (CVC100) BID, Cenicriviroc Mesylate 20 mg/kg once-daily (QD). On Day 4, peritonitis is induced via IP injection of thioglycollate (TG) 3.85% (1 mL/animal) 2 hours post-dose in all groups except non-disease controls[1]. |
参考文献: [1]. Lefebvre E, et al. Antifibrotic Effects of the Dual CCR2/CCR5 Antagonist Cenicriviroc in Animal Models of Liver and Kidney Fibrosis. PLoS One. 2016 Jun 27;11(6):e0158156.
[2]. Visseaux B, et al. Cenicriviroc, a Novel CCR5 (R5) and CCR2 Antagonist, Shows In Vitro Activity against R5 Tropic HIV-2 Clinical Isolates. PLoS One. 2015 Aug 6;10(8):e0134904.
[3]. Lalezari J, et al. Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of TBR-652, a CCR5/CCR2 antagonist, in HIV-1-infected, treatment-experienced, CCR5 antagonist-naive subjects. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011 Jun 1;57(2):118-25.
[4]. Baba M, et al. TAK-652 inhibits CCR5-mediated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in vitro and has favorable pharmacokinetics in humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 Nov;49(11):4584-91. |
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