Phytohemagglutinin (PHA, Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin) is expressed in Pichia pastoris using native signal peptides, or the Saccharomyces alpha-factor preprosequence, to direct proteins into the secretory pathway. Phytohemagglutinin induces apoptosis in
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Phytohemagglutinin (PHA, Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin) is expressed in Pichia pastoris using native signal peptides, or the Saccharomyces alpha-factor preprosequence, to direct proteins into the secretory pathway. Phytohemagglutinin induces apoptosis in human HEp-2 carcinoma cells via increasing proapoptotic protein Bax and activating caspases-3.
Stimulation of human mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) by phytohemagglutinin induces the expression of ChAT mRNA, and potentiated ACh synthesis. Phytohemagglutinin binds to the membranes of T-cells, stimulates metabolic activity, cell division, and involves inflammatory pathways. [3]
Phytohemagglutinin, a standard T cell mitogen, can inhibit both T- and B-cell tumors. Phytohemagglutinin (100 μg; i.p.; daily for 2 days) inhibits A20 tumor growth in CB17-SCID mice.[4]
[1] R J Raemaekers, et al. Eur J Biochem. 1999 Oct 1;265(1):394-403. [2] T O Kochubei, et al. Exp Oncol. 2015 Jun;37(2):116-9. [3] Fujii T, et al. J Neuroimmunol. 1998 Feb;82(1):101-107.
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