Phytohemagglutinin (PHA, Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin) is expressed in Pichia pastoris using native signal peptides, or the Saccharomyces alpha-factor preprosequence, to direct proteins into the secretory pathway. Phytohemagglutinin induces apoptosis in
Phytohemagglutinin (PHA, Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin) is expressed in Pichia pastoris using native signal peptides, or the Saccharomyces alpha-factor preprosequence, to direct proteins into the secretory pathway. Phytohemagglutinin induces apoptosis in human HEp-2 carcinoma cells via increasing proapoptotic protein Bax and activating caspases-3.
Stimulation of human mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) by phytohemagglutinin induces the expression of ChAT mRNA, and potentiated ACh synthesis. Phytohemagglutinin binds to the membranes of T-cells, stimulates metabolic activity, cell division, and involves inflammatory pathways. [3]
Phytohemagglutinin, a standard T cell mitogen, can inhibit both T- and B-cell tumors. Phytohemagglutinin (100 μg; i.p.; daily for 2 days) inhibits A20 tumor growth in CB17-SCID mice.[4]
[1] R J Raemaekers, et al. Eur J Biochem. 1999 Oct 1;265(1):394-403. [2] T O Kochubei, et al. Exp Oncol. 2015 Jun;37(2):116-9. [3] Fujii T, et al. J Neuroimmunol. 1998 Feb;82(1):101-107.
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