Background
CGP 37157 is a potent and selective antagonist of the mitochondrial Na+-Ca2+ exchanger with IC50 value of 0.4 μM [1].
The mitochondrial Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (mNCE) is an antiporter membrane protein and removes a single Ca2+ in exchange for the import of three Na+. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake plays a critical role in the control of apoptosis, regulation of metabolic activity and Ca2+ shaping and buffering of Ca2+ signals [2].
CGP 37157 is a selective mNCE antagonist. In isolated heart mitochondria, CGP-37157 inhibited the activity of mNCE with IC50 value of 0.36 μM in a dose-dependent way [1]. In human and mouse β-cells, CGP-37157 inhibited KCl- and glucose-stimulated Ca2+ signals in a dose-dependent way and decreased insulin secretion from perifused islets [2]. In rat forebrain neurons, CGP-37157 consistently caused a rapid fall in Ca2+ influx stimulated by glutamate, which suggested the recovery of Ca2+ influx induced by glutamate was regulated via mNCE [3]. In rat dorsal root ganglion neurons, CGP37157 inhibited depolarization-induced Ca2+ influx and mitochondrion-mediated Ca2+ influx [4].
参考文献:
[1].? Cox DA, Conforti L, Sperelakis N, et al. Selectivity of inhibition of Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange of heart mitochondria by benzothiazepine CGP-37157. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 1993, 21(4): 595-599.
[2].? Luciani DS, Ao P, Hu X, et al. Voltage-gated Ca(2+) influx and insulin secretion in human and mouse beta-cells are impaired by the mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange inhibitor CGP-37157. Eur J Pharmacol, 2007, 576(1-3): 18-25.
[3].? White RJ, Reynolds IJ. Mitochondria accumulate Ca2+ following intense glutamate stimulation of cultured rat forebrain neurones. J Physiol, 1997, 498 ( Pt 1): 31-47.
[4].? Baron KT, Thayer SA. CGP37157 modulates mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Eur J Pharmacol, 1997, 340(2-3): 295-300.
Protocol
Cell experiment: | Cell toxicity assays are performed. Neurons are exposed to NMDA in HBSS (free of Ca2+ and Mg2+) containing 2.6?mM CaCl2, 10?mM glucose and 10?μM glycine for 10 or 30?min at 37°C, depending on the experiment. CGP37157 is present before and during the excitotoxic insult and cell viability is assessed 24?h later using Citotox 96 colorimetric assay. All experiments are performed in quadruplicate and the values provided are the normalized mean ± S.E.M. of at least three independent experiments[1]. |
参考文献: [1]. Chiesi M, et al. Structural dependency of the inhibitory action of benzodiazepines and related compounds on the mitochondrial Na+-Ca2+ exchanger. Biochem Pharmacol. 1988 Nov 15;37(22):4399-403.
[2]. Ruiz A, et al. CGP37157, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, protects neurons from excitotoxicity by blocking voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Cell Death Dis. 2014 Apr 10;5:e1156.
[3]. Scherzed A, et al. Effects of salinomycin and CGP37157 on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines in vitro. Mol Med Rep. 2015 Sep;12(3):4455-61. |
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