A cyclopropane fatty acid
Sterculic acid is a cyclopropene fatty acid that has been found in S. foetida. It is an inhibitor of δ9-desaturase that decreases 9(Z)-myristoleic acid and increases oleic acid and 9(Z),11(E)-conjugated linoleic acid levels in the milk of lactating ewes when administered at a dose of 0.5 g per day. It also inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by 7-keto cholesterol in ARPE-19 cells when used at a concentration of 1 µM and prevents the formation of choroidal neovascularization when applied to eyes at concentrations of 0.1 to 10 mM in a rat model of macular degeneration induced by laser injury. Sterculic acid binds to a variety of kinases, including calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2), mammalian sterile20-related kinase 3 (MST3), and p90 ribosomal S5 kinase 4 (RSK4).
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