Background
Taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) is one of the Bile salts, are normally found within the intestinal lumen. The primary function of bile salts is to aid in the absorption of lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins. However, recent studies have shown that bile salts have other biologic effects independent of their role in digestion[1].
Several effects of bile acids (BAs) on colonic epithelial cells (CECs) have been described, including induction of proliferation and apoptosis.?Taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) is capable of inducing classic NF-κB activation in hepatoma cells, and induced IL-8 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner.??that there seems to be a classical NF-κB-dependent and an independent pathway in BA-induced IL-8 expression in CECs[2].
The bile salt taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) has been associated with increased growth of esophageal mucosa in a rabbit explant model. Taurodeoxycholic acid increased gallbladder eicosanoid release in a dose-related manner with 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGE2 release 10-fold higher than TXB2.These findings suggest that the increased release of gallbladder PGI2 and PGE2 described in animal models of cholecystitis may, in part, be related to increased gallbladder bile levels of taurodeoxycholic acid[3].
参考文献:
[1].Perrone EE, Chen C, et al. Warner BW, Sun CC, Alaish SM, Strauch ED. Dietary bile acid supplementation improves intestinal integrity and survival in a murine model. J Pediatr Surg. 2010 Jun;45(6):1256-65.
[2]. Mühlbauer M, Allard B, et al. Differential effects of deoxycholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid on NF-kappa B signal transduction and IL-8 gene expression in colonic epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2004 Jun;286(6):G1000-8.?
[3]. Myers SI, Riva A, et al. Taurodeoxycholic acid stimulates rabbit gallbladder eicosanoid release. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1995 Jan;52(1):35-9.
牛磺脱氧胆酸 (TDCA) 是一种胆汁盐，通常存在于肠腔内。胆汁盐的主要功能是帮助吸收脂质和脂溶性维生素。然而，最近的研究表明，胆汁盐具有与其在消化中的作用无关的其他生物学效应[1]。
已经描述了胆汁酸 (BA) 对结肠上皮细胞 (CEC) 的多种作用，包括诱导增殖和细胞凋亡。 Taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) 能够在肝癌细胞中诱导经典的 NF-κB 激活，并以剂量和时间依赖性方式诱导 IL-8 表达。 BA 诱导的 CEC 中 IL-8 表达似乎存在经典的 NF-κB 依赖和独立途径[2]。
在兔外植体模型中，胆汁盐牛磺脱氧胆酸 (TDCA) 与食道粘膜生长增加有关。牛磺脱氧胆酸以剂量相关的方式增加胆囊类花生酸的释放，其中 6-酮基-PGF1 α 和 PGE2 的释放比 TXB2 高 10 倍。这些发现表明，胆囊炎动物模型中描述的胆囊 PGI2 和 PGE2 释放增加可能在部分，与胆囊胆汁中牛磺脱氧胆酸水平升高有关[3]。
Protocol
| Cell experiment [1]: |
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Cell lines
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The human colonic epithelial cell line HT-29
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Preparation Method
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The human CEC line HT-29 were treated with dilutions of Taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA). and IL-8 secretion was analyzed in the supernatant 24 h after stimulation.NF-kappa B binding activity was analyzed with EMSA, RelA translocation with immunofluorescence, and RelA-phosphorylation with Western blot analysis.
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Reaction Conditions
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1,500 μM Taurodeoxycholic acid for 24h.
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Applications
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Taurodeoxycholic acid induced IL-8 gene expression correlated with enhanced RelA phosphorylation, which was blocked by Ad5dnIKK beta.Taurodeoxycholic acid primarily induced IL-8 gene expression through RelA phosphorylation.
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| Animal experiment [2]: |
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Animal models
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C57Bl/6J? mice
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Preparation Method
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Mice were fed a liquid diet with or without Taurodeoxycholic acid supplementation. After 6 days, the mice were injected with LPS (10mg/kg) to induce intestinal injury. Specimens were obtained 24 hours later and evaluated for intestinal apoptosis, crypt proliferation, and villus length. A separate cohort of animals were injected with LPS (25mg/kg) and followed 7 days for survival.
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Dosage form
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50mg/kg/day Taurodeoxycholic acid, oral gavage
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Applications
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Mice whose diet was supplemented with Taurodeoxycholic acid had significantly increased survival. After LPS-induced injury, mice supplemented with Taurodeoxycholic acid showed decreased intestinal apoptosis by both H&E and caspase-3. Dietary taurodeoxycholic acid supplementation alleviates mucosal damage and improves survival after LPS-induced intestinal injury. Taurodeoxycholic acid is protective of the intestinal mucosa by increasing resistance to injury-induced apoptosis, stimulating enterocyte proliferation and increasing villus length.
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参考文献:
[1]. Mühlbauer M, Allard B, et al. Differential effects of deoxycholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid on NF-kappa B signal transduction and IL-8 gene expression in colonic epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2004 Jun;286(6):G1000-8.?
[2]. Perrone EE, Chen C, et al. Warner BW, Sun CC, Alaish SM, Strauch ED. Dietary bile acid supplementation improves intestinal integrity and survival in a murine model. J Pediatr Surg. 2010 Jun;45(6):1256-65.
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