A cofactor in the formation of blood-clotting proteins
Vitamin K1 is a fat-soluble, dietary nutrient that is essential for the synthesis of proteins important for blood-clotting, bone metabolism, and cell growth.1 It is found in the photosynthetic tissues of green, leafy plants, where it acts as an electron acceptor forming part of the electron transport chain of Photosystem I.2 Vitamin K1 also serves as a precursor to vitamin K2 and is reported to exhibit anticancer activity in various cell lines.3,4
1.Plaza, S.M., and Lamson, D.W.Vitamin K2 in bone metabolism and osteoporosisAltern. Med. Rev.10(1)24-35(2005) 2.Santabarbara, S., Heathcote, P., and Evans, M.C.W.Modelling of the electron transfer reactions in Photosystem I by electron tunnelling theory: The phylloquinones bound to the PsaA and the PsaB reaction centre subunits of PS I are almost isoenergetic to the iron-sulfur cluster FXBiochim. Biophys. Acta1708(3)283-310(2005) 3.Beulens, J.W.J., Booth, S.L., van den Heuvel, E.G.H.M., et al.The role of menaquinones (vitamin K2) in human healthBr. J. Nutr.110(8)1357-1368(2013) 4.Lamson, D.W., and Plaza, S.M.The anticancer effects of vitamin KAltern. Med. Rev.8(3)303-318(2003)
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Cell experiment: |
Caco-2, HT-29, and SW480 cells are treated with increasing concentrations of vitamin K1 (10, 50, 100, and 200 μM) for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. MTT is added to each dish and incubated for 2 h at 37°C. At the end of the incubation period, the medium is removed. The plate is read at 570 nM[2]. |
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Animal experiment: |
Rats: For inducing full-thickness wound in rats, the excisional wound model is used. Five groups consisting of 8 rats each are used. Vitamin K cream (1% and 2%, w/w) is prepared in eucerin base and applied on the wound once a day until complete healing had occurred. Healing is defined by decreased wound margin (wound contraction), re-epithelialization, tensile strength and hydroxyproline content. Histopathological examination is also done[5]. Mice: Four-week-old C57BL/6J male mice are fed a 10% fat normal diet group or a 45% kcal high-fat diet group, with or without 200 mg/1000 g vitamin K1 (Normal diet + K1, high-fat diet + K1) and 200 mg/1000 g vitamin K2 (Normal diet + K2, high-fat diet + K2) for 12 weeks[4]. |
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参考文献: [1]. Basset GJ, et al. Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1): Occurrence, Biosynthesis and Functions. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2016 Jun 22. |
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